Nanotechnology, which involves the manipulation of materials at an atomic and molecular scale, is significantly transforming various scientific fields. This chapter explores the impact of nanotechnology in material science, medicine, electronics, and environmental technologies, highlighting the unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of nanomaterials. In medicine, nanotechnology facilitates advanced solutions such as targeted drug delivery, improved diagnostics, and innovative therapies, enhancing patient care. In electronics, it leads to the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient devices, including advancements in computing and flexible electronics. Environmental applications of nanotechnology include improvements in energy technologies and novel methods for pollution management and environmental remediation. The chapter also addresses the ethical, social, and regulatory challenges associated with nanotechnology, emphasizing the need for safety, environmental considerations, and clear regulatory guidelines to ensure responsible development. Looking to the future, it underscores the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in advancing nanotechnology and advocates for sustainable and ethical practices to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential risks.