Agriculture is Indian backbone of economy and Agriculture is essential for human survival and social sustainability. Agriculture is root to solve the issues of food crises with sustainable techniques implement in farming that protect ecosystems, environment and human health, and in the same time produce adequate amount of grains, meat, plants. Here we review Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field with the potential to take forward the agriculture and food industry with new tools which promise to increase food production in a sustainable manner and to protect crops from pests. Nanotechnology had been its unique characters like-Biological, physical and chemical properties that is large scale model for the same material and through Nonmaterial were many application in fields of agriculture and food including crop productions, preservation of forest, water conservation, water resource management, waste water treatment, soil conservation, soil resource management, drug delivery, breeding of farm animals, aquaculture, fishery development, poultry farming. Nowadays agrochemical like Nano-fertilizers are increasingly been used as alternates to bulk fertilizers and reduce pollution of soil and water by different agrochemicals. Nano-fertilizers facilitate the slow and steady release of nutrients and thereby reduce the loss of nutrients and enhance the nutrient use efficiency, and agricultural diagnostics of disease, reestablishment of agricultural resources from natural disaster, organic agriculture, and food processing. Simplification of land ownership, correction of land maps and infrastructures development is necessary for application of nanotechnology efficiently for sustainable agriculture in India.