Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones which are gained more importance recently. They are significant in trap cropping because they act as germination stimulants for parasite plants. SLs also plays roles in the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, regulation of plant structure and the response to abiotic factors, etc. Based on their stereochemistry, SLs are divided into two groups: Strigol-like SLs and orobanchol-like SLs. The studies in this field should be promoted in order to have a better understanding of the structure, synthesis, and functions.