This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of obesity through the lens of body composition highlighting its significance and implications for health. It starts by clarifying key concepts related to body composition such as fat mass, lean mass, and their distribution within the body. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these components in understanding obesity beyond just weight measurement. The chapter gives a clear understanding of the role body composition in obesity and the methods for measuring it. By examining the role of various body composition metrics such as BFP and their implications for health outcomes, this chapter will provide a critical analysis of how body composition enhances our understanding of obesity and its associated health risks.