Nutrition transition is a continuous shift in the consumption pattern of the populations over a period of time. There are several factors which influence the paradigm shift in the food choices and dietary pattern such as, climate, demographic situation, cultural and religious practices etc. There is a great evolution in the human nutrition all across the world with the rise of mankind and technical advancement, urbanization and globalization further accelerated this process. There was a time when human diet was high in carbohydrate and have low saturated fat with intense physical activity, which now shifted to food high in saturated fats and refined sugars with low physical activity. This shift not only change the stature and musculature of humans but also dramatically increases the prevalence of various degenerative diseases. Today, most of the economically developing nations are suffering from the double burden of malnourishment. At one hand, the prevention of obesity and related degenerative diseases is one of the priority of governments of developing countries as well as of various organizations working on international and national fronts, while on other hand there is continuous effort to eliminate nutritional deficiencies.