In today's food sector, packaging of food plays a critical role. Consumer and industry demands are being met by new food packaging solution. Changes in food production, sale practices, consumer lifestyles, as well as environmental awareness and advances in new fields of knowledge (such as nanotechnology or biotechnology), all act as driving forces in the development of smart packages that can extend food shelf-life, maintaining and supervising their innocuousness, quality and also being environmentally friendly. Some major principles and forms of active and intelligent food packaging are described in this chapter, with a focus on recent advances and emerging trends using biodegradable and bio-based polymers. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the enormous potential of these materials. To make these technologies commercially viable, future research should focus on some key elements such as scaling up, prices, regulatory issues and consumer acceptance.