Nutrition during childhood is a critical determinant of both immediate and long-term health outcomes. The early years of life are especially crucial for physical, cognitive, and emotional development. This chapter reviews the foundational elements of childhood nutrition, the consequences of inadequate or poor nutrition, and the role of parents, schools, and public health policies in establishing healthy eating habits. It also addresses current challenges such as childhood obesity and malnutrition, proposing strategies for improving dietary practices in children across diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts.