The decomposition of organic matter and crop residues are natural process which occur in the biologically and chemically active soil. It is very much important for the nutrient status of the soil as well as crop productivity. The soil organic matter content is directly involve in the improve structure of soil, water-retention capacity, absorptive capacity and fertility of artificial soil constructions in urbanized ecosystems and agro landscapes. The crop residues directly involve organic matter contenting soil. Crop residues play a very important role in agriculture because they can be used both as an environment-friendly waste management strategy and as a means of improving soil organic matter. Decomposition of soil organic matter and crop residues helps to conversion of nutrient from unavailable form to available form as a result plant can easily uptake the nutrient .So the mineralization process is directly involve in microbial activity of the soil. The microorganisms that convert organically bound nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur into soluble NH4+, NO3−, H2PO4−, HPO42−, and SO42− ions which are helpful for uptake of nutrient from the soil. Quantitative assessment of the biodegradation process using field and laboratory incubation experiments, as well as mathematical modeling, showed the possibility of significant losses of organic matter of construct ozems and a corresponding deterioration of soil quality. In the experiment, through the emission of CO2, It can be estimate the soil organic decomposition. As a sustainability point of view, soil organic matter is directly involved for maintaining the soil fertility, soil productivity as well as soil health. Mineralization is the transformation of organic compounds into inorganic ones, which is a biological process that depends on temperature, rainfall, soil properties, the chemical composition of crop residues, the structure and composition of microbial communities, and the C: N ratio in soil after the application of plant matter.