Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology refers to a set of techniques used in laboratories to combine DNA molecules from multiple origins into a single molecule. Since its creation in the 1970s, this technology has revolutionized the domains of genetics, biotechnology, and medicine. The 1973 discovery of recombinant DNA (rDNA) by Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley N. Cohen transformed the application of molecular biology in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Recombinant DNA technology is a vital research tool in biology. Numerous laboratory techniques are employed to introduce a DNA fragment into a bacterial or yeast cell. Once inside, the bacteria or yeast will replicate the DNA alongside its own. Insulin and growth hormone, two essential proteins used in the treatment of human ailments, were successfully created using recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology (GE = GM = transgenic crops) is increasingly being used in agriculture to develop organisms (GM/GMOs) capable of producing GM crops. There are numerous concerns about the proliferation of genetically engineered plants and other products. For example, it is clear that genetically modified plants can crossbreed with wild plants, bringing "engineered" DNA into the ecosystem and endangering biodiversity. Furthermore, some people are concerned that genetic engineering could have negative health repercussions. Thus, more extensive research in this subject is required to overcome such obstacles and address the concerns of ordinary people.