Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to effectively managing people within an organization to gain a competitive advantage and achieve strategic objectives, encompassing areas like recruitment, training, compensation, and employee relations. This chapter delves into the evolving landscape of Human Resources Management (HRM) in the context of definition and functions of HRM, determining HR requirements, personnel management process, job description and analysis and some key elements of HRM such as recruitment an selection, placement, training and development, performance appraisal and labour management relations. The chapter explores the critical role of strategic HRM in fostering organizational resilience and sustainable growth. By examining contemporary HR issues this chapter provides insights into effective HRM practices. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of the said elements mentioned on organizational performance and employee well-being. Through a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this chapter offers a comprehensive overview of best practices in HRM, emphasizing the importance of aligning human capital with organizational goals. Ultimately, it argues that a proactive and adaptable HRM approach is essential for organizations to navigate the complexities of the modern business environment and achieve sustained competitive advantage.