Guidance is a sort of help which is given to the individual for solving personal – social problems. Counselling is the core of the entire guidance programmes and is a personalised and individualized process designed to aid the individual to build desirable attitudes and skills. It resolves the psychological abnormalities, maladjustments and frustrations of all types. It makes the child emotionally balanced and helps in the all round development of personality. The individual may have vocational and educational problems of varied nature. The first step of Guidance involves collecting data about the individual in all aspects such as physical, family, school, vocational and social development, personality attributes etc., and analysing them. After assessment of his personal – social disposition, the diagnosis of the problems should be made. Based on the data about the individual prognosis is made to make a tentative estimate of what the individual will be able to achieve after proper guidance is rendered in the area. If required, therapeutic techniques, counselling techniques, psychoanalysis or any other psychological methods can be applied according to the seriousness of the problems of the individual. After the remedial measures, a follow-up action by interview and questionnaire method may be used to know up to what extent problems have been remedied. One of the important functions of guidance programmes is to attend the personal needs of the pupils in all aspects of their life. The individual who has to live in a complex society will require guidance for his efficient social living. The guidance service will develop in the individual all the social values, which satisfy the needs of their life. The present chapter discusses about the psychological therapies, guidance and counselling techniques for learning, personal and social development of an individual.