In the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants have always remained a part and parcel of human society to combat and treat different diseases. In particular, in the Indian systems of medicine Rigveda, Charak Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita such descriptions have been documented. According to estimates of the World Health Organization nearly 75% of the world’s population currently uses herbs and other traditional medicines to treat diseases of different natures. Nevertheless, currently medical as well as pharmaceutical research is being carried out towards characterization and development of plant-derived natural components to treat various human ailments. The grape has been well recognized worldwide for over 2,000 years as one among the edible sweet fruits and recognized for its wide spectrum of biological properties. Its taxonomic position is as follows: Group Thalamifloreae, Order Rhamnales, Family Vitaceae, Genus Vitis, Species vinifera. Various chemical studies on the products of the fruit and other parts of the grape plant have been attempted, mainly during the 1950s. The main biologically active and well-characterized constituent from the grape is resveratrol, which is known for various medicinal properties in human diseases.