An agricultural production system is the outcome of a complex interaction of seed, water and agro-chemicals including fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, careful management of all inputs is essential for the sustainability of such complex system. The focus on enhancing the productivity without considering the ecological impacts of the input resources has resulted into environmental degradation. Increasing environmental consciousness of the general public is necessitating us to modify agricultural management practices for sustainable conservation of natural resources such as water, air and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. The productivity can be increased without any adverse effect by maximizing the resource input efficiency. It is also certain that availability of labor for agricultural activity is going to be in short supply in future. The time has now arrived to bring information technology and agricultural science together for improved economic and environmentally sustainable crop production. This gives birth to Precision Agriculture or Precision Farming.