The prodigious increase in global population has lead to malnutrition owing to protein deficiency around the world. This hindrance for the entire mankind is overcome by single cell protein (SCP). Single cell protein also referred to as microbial protein or bioprotein, are biomass or protein extract of microorganisms which can be used as substitute for protein rich supplements suitably for animal and human consumption. Single cell protein contain high content of essential amino acids along with some amount of carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. Algae, bacteria and fungi are primarily used for production of Single cell protein. Apart from microorganisms, single cell protein can also be produced from agricultural waste products, thus minimizing the waste accumulation to some extent. The high protein content in biomass of microorganisms is the primary reason for their usage in single cell protein production. These microorganisms use the carbon and nitrogen present in inexpensive substrates like agricultural wastes and convert them to proteins, which are later used as potential replacement for expensive protein source like meat and soyabean for human consumption.