Protoplasts are the cells of which cell wall are eliminated and cytoplasmic membrane is the outermost layer in such cells. Protoplast may be acquired through precise lytic enzymes to put off cell wall. Protoplast fusion is a bodily phenomenon, during this phenomenon two or extra protoplasts readily come in contact and cling with each other either spontaneously or in presence of fusion inducing agents. By protoplast fusion it's far feasible to switch a few beneficial genes including disease resistance, nitrogen fixation, speedy increase rate, extra product formation rate, protein quality, frost hardiness, drought resistance, herbicide resistance, heat and cold resistance from one species to another. Protoplast fusion is a crucial gear in stress development for bringing genetic recombination and growing hybrid lines in filamentous fungi. Protoplast fusion has been used to mix genes from extraordinary organisms to create lines with favoured properties. These are the effective strategies for engineering of microbial lines for suited industrial properties. Protoplast fusion could persevere to be an current place of studies in current biotechnology. This approach withinside the destiny might be one in all the maximum often used research gear for tissue culturists, molecular biologists, biochemical engineers and biotechnologists. This overview describes the protoplast fusion era and its biotechnological applications.