Plant tissue culture is an important biotechnological technique for the production of novel plants and active compounds including secondary metabolites. Humans have a long history of dependence on plants for a supply of food, shelter and most importantly, medicine. Present-day pharmaceuticals are typically based on plant-derived metabolites, with new products being discovered constantly. For the production of important plant bioactive compounds is done in vitro by plant tissue culture. For a long time, Micropropagation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation are some of the techniques used in plant tissue culture. Plant transformation also allows the further use of plants for the production of bio-engineered compounds, such as vaccines and multiple pharmaceuticals. CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have also been discussed. In this chapter, we are mainly focusing on emerging techniques of tissue culture such as micropropagation, cell suspension culture, root hair culture, somatic embryogenesis and their all aspects.