A form of plastid known as a chloroplast is thought to have descended from ancestors of cyanobacteria. Chloroplast is one of the main components of plants since it plays a significant role in photosynthesis as well as another important plant processes. In comparison to the nuclear transformation, which has been widely used in plant genetic engineering, chloroplast transformation represents an alternate and superior genetic engineering strategy. The chloroplast transformation has a number of advantageous benefits. Prior to the chloroplast absorbing the construct, a selectable marker must be added to the vector design in order to carry out chloroplast transformation. The biolistic, PEG-mediated and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques, among others, are frequently used to introduce a gene into the host, which is the chloroplast. This chapter focuses on the different applications made possible by chloroplast transformation, particularly in the fields of agriculture and environmental research, in addition to the procedures required in delivering the gene into the chloroplast. To learn more about chloroplast transformation and to find out how it might be used in other biotechnological sectors, more research must be done.