Lung cancer remains a significant health burden worldwide, with a particularly alarming rise in incidence and mortality rates in India. Despite advances in treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on emerging therapies and potential drug target molecules for lung cancer, specifically within the context of the Indian population. The landscape of lung cancer therapy in India is rapidly evolving, with the emergence of targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and novel drug target molecules offering new avenues for treatment. Collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies are essential to accelerate the translation of these advancements into improved outcomes for lung cancer patients in India.